Distributed systems 分布式系统 64

Three-Phase Commit (3PC Protocol) Virtual Synchrony (Isis Toolkit & Group Communication Systems) Raft Pre-Vote Protocol and Disruptive Server Defense CRUSH Algorithm (Controlled Replication Under Scalable Hashing) Tombstone Resurrection in Distributed Storage Count-Min Sketch FLP Impossibility Theorem Paxos Consensus Protocol Kademlia Distributed Hash Table (XOR Metric and k-Buckets) Calvin (Deterministic Distributed Transactions) Google Percolator (Decentralized Snapshot Isolation & Primary Lock) Hybrid Logical Clock (HLC) Chain Replication Chandy-Misra-Haas Deadlock Detection Phi Accrual Failure Detector Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) Kubernetes SharedInformer: Reflector, DeltaFIFO, Indexer, and Local Cache Sync Raft Joint Consensus: Safe Dynamic Cluster Membership Changes The Transactional Outbox Pattern Request Coalescing (Singleflight) Sloppy Quorum and Hinted Handoff Write skew anomaly under Snapshot Isolation Bulkhead pattern Vector clocks and causal ordering Lease-based distributed locking Token bucket rate limiting Error budget (SLO-based reliability target) Saga pattern LSM tree Session guarantees (read-your-writes, monotonic reads) Control-Loop Oscillation and Hysteresis The Power of Two Random Choices Priority Inversion (and Priority Inheritance) Optimistic Concurrency Control TCP congestion control (slow start, AIMD, bufferbloat) Idempotency Keys and Exactly-Once Effects Distributed Tracing: Context Propagation and Sampling Expand–contract migration (parallel change) Tail latency amplification and hedged requests Merkle tree & anti-entropy repair Anycast routing (BGP anycast) Write-Ahead Log Shuffle Sharding Two-Phase Commit Chandy–Lamport distributed snapshot algorithm DNS recursive resolution Bloom filter QUIC Gossip Protocol (Epidemic Dissemination & SWIM Failure Detection) Spanner TrueTime & Commit-Wait etcd MVCC and compaction erasure coding Two Generals Problem backpressure Raft leader election and quorum circuit breaker CRDT (conflict-free replicated data type) consistent hashing control plane vs data plane lease-based leader election and fencing tokens quorum and split-brain exponential backoff with jitter consistent hashing quorum and split-brain

Kubernetes Kubernetes 30

Kubernetes SharedInformer: Reflector, DeltaFIFO, Indexer, and Local Cache Sync Linux OOM Killer and oom_score_adj Kubernetes NetworkPolicy Lease-based distributed locking Canary deployment (progressive rollout) Sidecar proxy (service mesh data path) Live migration (pre-copy with dirty page tracking) Session guarantees (read-your-writes, monotonic reads) Control-Loop Oscillation and Hysteresis Optimistic Concurrency Control Idempotency Keys and Exactly-Once Effects Path MTU Discovery and PMTU Black Holes The Confused Deputy Problem SNAT and connection tracking (conntrack) port exhaustion bin-packing-scheduling copy-on-write VXLAN overlay network encapsulation etcd MVCC and compaction cgroup CPU throttling backpressure circuit breaker control plane vs data plane CSI VolumeAttachment and attach/detach protection finalizers and cascading deletion PodDisruptionBudget admission webhooks and failurePolicy lease-based leader election and fencing tokens IRSA / OIDC federation with STS cgroup CPU throttling reconciliation loop (level-triggered control)

Networking 网络 24

Count-Min Sketch Kademlia Distributed Hash Table (XOR Metric and k-Buckets) Linux epoll, Event-Driven I/O Multiplexing, and the C10K Problem TCP SYN Cookies: Stateless Handshake and SYN Flood Defense Kubernetes NetworkPolicy Vector clocks and causal ordering Token bucket rate limiting Sidecar proxy (service mesh data path) Zero-copy I/O The Power of Two Random Choices TCP congestion control (slow start, AIMD, bufferbloat) Path MTU Discovery and PMTU Black Holes Anycast routing (BGP anycast) SNAT and connection tracking (conntrack) port exhaustion Shuffle Sharding DNS recursive resolution vpc-peering-vs-transit-gateway QUIC VXLAN overlay network encapsulation Gossip Protocol (Epidemic Dissemination & SWIM Failure Detection) eBPF Two Generals Problem certificate chain of trust and mTLS control plane vs data plane

Linux Linux 16

Linux epoll, Event-Driven I/O Multiplexing, and the C10K Problem TCP SYN Cookies: Stateless Handshake and SYN Flood Defense Linux OOM Killer and oom_score_adj Read-Copy-Update (RCU) io_uring TLB shootdown Live migration (pre-copy with dirty page tracking) Zero-copy I/O Control-Loop Oscillation and Hysteresis Priority Inversion (and Priority Inheritance) Path MTU Discovery and PMTU Black Holes False sharing and cache line coherence copy-on-write eBPF cgroup CPU throttling cgroup CPU throttling

Storage 存储 19

CRUSH Algorithm (Controlled Replication Under Scalable Hashing) Tombstone Resurrection in Distributed Storage Kademlia Distributed Hash Table (XOR Metric and k-Buckets) Chain Replication Lehman-Yao B-link Tree Transaction ID Wraparound (Postgres Vacuum Freeze) Write-Ahead Logging (WAL) and the ARIES Crash Recovery Algorithm Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC): Self-Tuning Recency and Frequency Sloppy Quorum and Hinted Handoff LSM tree Zero-copy I/O Envelope encryption (DEK / KEK) Merkle tree & anti-entropy repair Write-Ahead Log copy-on-write Bloom filter etcd MVCC and compaction erasure coding CSI VolumeAttachment and attach/detach protection

Security 安全 13

Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) Federated Identity & Single Sign-On (SSO) with OpenID Connect OIDC Discovery & Dynamic JWKS Key Rotation OIDC vs. OAuth 2.0: ID Token vs. Access Token OAuth 2.0 PKCE: Proof Key for Code Exchange and Authorization Code Interception Defense TCP SYN Cookies: Stateless Handshake and SYN Flood Defense Kubernetes NetworkPolicy The Confused Deputy Problem Envelope encryption (DEK / KEK) Merkle tree & anti-entropy repair certificate chain of trust and mTLS admission webhooks and failurePolicy IRSA / OIDC federation with STS

SRE SRE 7

Phi Accrual Failure Detector Transaction ID Wraparound (Postgres Vacuum Freeze) Bulkhead pattern Lease-based distributed locking Token bucket rate limiting Canary deployment (progressive rollout) Error budget (SLO-based reliability target)

AWS AWS 7

The Confused Deputy Problem Envelope encryption (DEK / KEK) Anycast routing (BGP anycast) SNAT and connection tracking (conntrack) port exhaustion Shuffle Sharding vpc-peering-vs-transit-gateway IRSA / OIDC federation with STS

Microservices 微服务 4

The Transactional Outbox Pattern Request Coalescing (Singleflight) Sidecar proxy (service mesh data path) Saga pattern

Performance 性能 14

Count-Min Sketch Calvin (Deterministic Distributed Transactions) HyperLogLog Lehman-Yao B-link Tree Kubernetes SharedInformer: Reflector, DeltaFIFO, Indexer, and Local Cache Sync Write-Ahead Logging (WAL) and the ARIES Crash Recovery Algorithm Linux epoll, Event-Driven I/O Multiplexing, and the C10K Problem Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC): Self-Tuning Recency and Frequency Request Coalescing (Singleflight) Read-Copy-Update (RCU) io_uring TLB shootdown False sharing and cache line coherence Tail latency amplification and hedged requests

Memory 内存 5

HyperLogLog Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC): Self-Tuning Recency and Frequency Linux OOM Killer and oom_score_adj Read-Copy-Update (RCU) Tri-color mark-and-sweep garbage collection

Runtime 运行时 1

Tri-color mark-and-sweep garbage collection

Observability 可观测性 2

Phi Accrual Failure Detector Distributed Tracing: Context Propagation and Sampling

Operations 运维 2

Paxos Consensus Protocol Expand–contract migration (parallel change)

Scheduling 调度 1

bin-packing-scheduling

Databases 数据库 12

Tombstone Resurrection in Distributed Storage Calvin (Deterministic Distributed Transactions) Google Percolator (Decentralized Snapshot Isolation & Primary Lock) Hybrid Logical Clock (HLC) Chandy-Misra-Haas Deadlock Detection HyperLogLog Lehman-Yao B-link Tree Transaction ID Wraparound (Postgres Vacuum Freeze) Write-Ahead Logging (WAL) and the ARIES Crash Recovery Algorithm The Transactional Outbox Pattern Write skew anomaly under Snapshot Isolation Optimistic Concurrency Control

Virtualization 虚拟化 1

Live migration (pre-copy with dirty page tracking)

CI/CD CI/CD 1

Canary deployment (progressive rollout)

etcd etcd 3

Raft Pre-Vote Protocol and Disruptive Server Defense Raft Joint Consensus: Safe Dynamic Cluster Membership Changes Write-Ahead Log